01667nas a2200229   4500008004100000245014200041210006900183260001400252300001600266490000800282520096800290653001701258653001301275653001601288653001101304653001101315653001201326653001501338100002401353700001901377856004101396       2007                        eng d00aFlight and hearing: ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight-capable and flight-incapable morphs of a wing-dimorphic cricket species0 aFlight and hearing ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight  cSeptember  a3160–31640 v2103 aWe studied frequency sensitivity of flight-capable and flight-incapable forms of the wing-dimorphic cricket Gryllus texensis, using both behavioral and neurophysiological measurements. Behavioral thresholds for negative phonotaxis in response to ultrasound stimuli are lower for long-winged (i.e. flight-capable) crickets than for short-winged (flight-incapable) individuals, whereas thresholds for positive phonotaxis in response to a calling-song model do not differ. Similarly, thresholds of the identified interneurons ON1 and AN2 differ between flight morphs for high sound frequencies but not for the frequency of calling song. Our results show that sensitivity to ultrasound is closely linked to flight ability, and thus to the risk of predation from aerially hawking bats. We suggest that sensitivity to ultrasound is one of a suite of flight-associated characteristics, the development of which may be under common hormonal regulation. 10.1242/jeb.00813610abioacoustics10acrickets10adimporphism10aescape10aflight10ahearing10aorthoptera1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aMartins, Ruben  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00813601917nas a2200241   4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260001400173300001600187490000800203520128200211653001001493653001101503653001401514653001001528653001501538653001301553100001601566700001501582700002301597700001401620856004101634       2007                        eng d00aEscape performance decreases during ontogeny in wild crickets0 aEscape performance decreases during ontogeny in wild crickets  cSeptember  a3165–31700 v2103 aIncreasing the ecological relevance of studies relating to the performance of organisms has been a central issue for functional biologists over the last few years. Of particular concern are changes in performance throughout the life cycle as selective forces act differently on various life stages. We addressed this issue experimentally by following ontogenic variations in the escape performance of crickets threatened by artificial predatory signals. We measured their performance under natural settings, which is a necessary approach yet one that is undocumented in insects. We analysed numeric film sequences obtained using a high-speed video camera at 1000 frames s-1 to quantify wild cricket performance and behaviour in the field. We detected significant differences in cricket escape performance throughout ontogeny. Escape performances were higher in juvenile crickets than older instars. Complementary behavioural measurements for escaping crickets suggest that these variations may be related to the lower predatory risk perceived by large adults than by juveniles. We expect that our analysis of size-refuge will also improve our understanding in the development of performance, given its importance in community and population ecology theories. 10.1242/jeb.00464810acerci10aescape10agryllidae10ahairs10aorthoptera10aresponse1 aDangles, O.1 aPierre, D.1 aChristides, J., P.1 aCasas, J.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00464801885nas a2200205   4500008004100000245015000041210006900191260001100260300001400271490000800285520122200293653001401515653001301529653001101542653001501553100002501568700001901593700001901612856004801631       2009                        eng d00aGleaning bat echolocation calls do not elicit antipredator behaviour in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)0 aGleaning bat echolocation calls do not elicit antipredator behav  cAugust  a769–7760 v1953 aAbstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Bats that glean prey (capture them from surfaces) produce relatively inconspicuous echolocation calls compared to aerially foraging bats and could therefore be difficult predators to detect, even for insects with ultrasound sensitive ears. In the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus, an auditory interneuron (AN2) responsive to ultrasound is known to elicit turning behaviour, but only when the cricket is in flight. Turning would not save a cricket from a gleaning bat so we tested the hypothesis that AN2 elicits more appropriate antipredator behaviours when crickets are on the ground. The echolocation calls of Nyctophilus geoffroyi, a sympatric gleaning bat, were broadcast to singing male and walking female T. oceanicus. Males did not cease singing and females did not pause walking more than usual in response to the bat calls up to intensities of 82&nbsp;dB peSPL. Extracellular recordings from the cervical connective revealed that the echolocation calls elicited AN2 action potentials at high firing rates, indicating that the crickets could hear these stimuli. AN2 appears to elicit antipredator behaviour only in flight, and we discuss possible reasons for this context-dependent function.10abehaviour10acrickets10aescape10aorthoptera1 aHofstede, Hannah, T.1 aKillow, Joanne1 aFullard, James  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-009-0454-3