01903nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001300041245010300054210006900157260001300226300001600239490000800255520125500263653001401518653001701532653001601549653001001565653001401575100002001589700002201609856005401631       2009                        eng d  a0048969700aAnalysis and evaluation of soundscapes in public parks through interviews and measurement of noise0 aAnalysis and evaluation of soundscapes in public parks through i  cDecember  a6143–61490 v4073 aThe purpose of this work was to investigate the sound environment of public parks using a soundscape study model that analyzes not only noise but also all the types of sound of a given area, as well as other environmental factors. To this end, acoustic measurements were made in the parks under study and interviews were held with their frequent visitors. Noise measurements were conducted in 55 points, and a total of 335 people were interviewed in the 4 parks studied. The parks selected for this study are located in areas very close to streets with intense vehicle flow, raising the hypothesis that this proximity impairs the acoustic comfort of their visitors. The findings confirm the strong influence of traffic noise on the soundscapes of the parks. Noise measurements showed that in all parks, between 50 and 100% of the points evaluated displayed sound levels above 55 dB(A), the level established by Curitiba's Municipal Law 10625 as the limit permitted for green areas during daytime. Other conditions in the parks' environments were also identified, which interfere jointly in the soundscape and in its perception, such as spatial factors of each park, the urban setting of its surroundings, and the sounds originating inside the parks.10aacoustics10abioaocustics10aenvironment10anoise10apollution1 aSzeremeta, Bani1 aZannin, Paulo, H.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.03901399nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001300041245006600054210006200120260001000182300001400192490000700206520079300213653001801006653001701024653001001041653001401051100002201065700002201087700002301109856004901132       2010                        eng d  a0169534700aThe costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms0 acosts of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms  cMarch  a180–1890 v253 aGrowth in transportation networks, resource extraction, motorized recreation and urban development is responsible for chronic noise exposure in most terrestrial areas, including remote wilderness sites. Increased noise levels reduce the distance and area over which acoustic signals can be perceived by animals. Here, we review a broad range of findings that indicate the potential severity of this threat to diverse taxa, and recent studies that document substantial changes in foraging and anti-predator behavior, reproductive success, density and community structure in response to noise. Effective management of protected areas must include noise assessment, and research is needed to further quantify the ecological consequences of chronic noise exposure in terrestrial environments.10aanthropogenic10abioacoustics10anoise10apollution1 aBarber, Jesse, R.1 aCrooks, Kevin, R.1 aFristrup, Kurt, M.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.08.002