00405nas a2200133   4500008004600000245003800046210003800084653001600122653001400138653001200152653001400164653001000178856008300188       Submitted                   eng d     00aTrash vortex in the Pacific video0 aTrash vortex in the Pacific video10aenvironment10amigration10apacific10apollution10atrash  uhttp://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/g-word-pacific-ocean-trash-vortex.html01903nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001300041245010300054210006900157260001300226300001600239490000800255520125500263653001401518653001701532653001601549653001001565653001401575100002001589700002201609856005401631       2009                        eng d  a0048969700aAnalysis and evaluation of soundscapes in public parks through interviews and measurement of noise0 aAnalysis and evaluation of soundscapes in public parks through i  cDecember  a6143–61490 v4073 aThe purpose of this work was to investigate the sound environment of public parks using a soundscape study model that analyzes not only noise but also all the types of sound of a given area, as well as other environmental factors. To this end, acoustic measurements were made in the parks under study and interviews were held with their frequent visitors. Noise measurements were conducted in 55 points, and a total of 335 people were interviewed in the 4 parks studied. The parks selected for this study are located in areas very close to streets with intense vehicle flow, raising the hypothesis that this proximity impairs the acoustic comfort of their visitors. The findings confirm the strong influence of traffic noise on the soundscapes of the parks. Noise measurements showed that in all parks, between 50 and 100% of the points evaluated displayed sound levels above 55 dB(A), the level established by Curitiba's Municipal Law 10625 as the limit permitted for green areas during daytime. Other conditions in the parks' environments were also identified, which interfere jointly in the soundscape and in its perception, such as spatial factors of each park, the urban setting of its surroundings, and the sounds originating inside the parks.10aacoustics10abioaocustics10aenvironment10anoise10apollution1 aSzeremeta, Bani1 aZannin, Paulo, H.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.03900952nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001300041245006500054210006500119260001300184300001600197490000700213520039500220653000800615653001600623653000700639653001600646653001600662100001600678856005200694       2003                        eng d  a0167865500aComparison of techniques for environmental sound recognition0 aComparison of techniques for environmental sound recognition  cNovember  a2895–29070 v243 aThis paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of artificial neural networks, learning vector quantization and dynamic time warping classification techniques combined with stationary/non-stationary feature extraction for environmental sound recognition. Results show 70% recognition using mel frequency cepstral coefficients or continuous wavelet transform with dynamic time warping.10aasr10aenvironment10ait10arecognition10asoundscapes1 aCowling, M.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8655(03)00147-802419nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001300041245007700054210006900131260001000200520188000210653001102090653001702101653001702118653001702135653001602152100001802168856005102186       2010                        eng d  a0006320700aThe emerging significance of bioacoustics in animal species conservation0 aemerging significance of bioacoustics in animal species conserva  cApril3 aThis review reports on the effects of human activities on animal acoustic signals published in the literature from 1970 to 2009. Almost 5% of the studies on variation in animal communication tested or hypothesised on human impacts, and showed that habitat fragmentation, direct human disturbance, introduced diseases, urbanization, hunting, chemical and noise pollution may challenge animal acoustic behaviour. Although acoustic adaptations to anthropogenic habitats have been documented, human impacts have most often generated neutral variation or potential maladaptive responses. Negative impacts have been postulated in the sexual signals of fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals; these are concerning as any maladaptive alteration of sexual behaviour may have direct bearings on breeding success and ultimately population growth rate. Acoustic communication also facilitates other vital behaviours influenced by human-driven perturbations. Bat and cetacean echolocation, for instance, is disrupted by noise pollution, whereas bird and mammal alarming is also affected by introduced diseases and hunting. Mammal social signals are sensitive to noise pollution and hunting, and birds selecting habitats by means of acoustic cues are especially vulnerable to habitat loss. Anthropogenic intervention in these cases may have a negative impact on individual survival, recruitment and group cohesion, limiting rescue-effects and triggering Allee effects. Published evidence shows that acoustic variation may be used as an early-warning indicator of perturbations even when not directly affecting individual fitness. Acoustic signalling can be studied in a broad range of ecosystems, can be recorded, analyzed, synthesised and played back with relative ease and limited economic budget, and is sensitive to many types of impacts, thus can have great conservation significance.10aamibio10abioacoustics10abiodiversity10aconservation10aenvironment1 aLaiolo, Paola  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.03.025