03437nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001300041245013200054210006900186260000900255300001400264490000800278520275600286653001703042653001403059653001203073653001703085653001403102100002703116700002503143856005103168       2009                        eng d  a0378112700aLivestock grazing exclusion and microhabitat variation affect invertebrates and litter decomposition rates in woodland remnants0 aLivestock grazing exclusion and microhabitat variation affect in  cJune  a178–1870 v2583 aMost of the remaining grassy woodland in south-eastern Australia exists as remnants on private land in agricultural landscapes. These have been subjected to various forms of disturbance including exotic plant invasion and livestock grazing. Little is known about the invertebrate communities in these remnants, which could contribute greatly to the diversity and function of these ecosystems. We need to know what invertebrates are present and how they respond to different types of land management, such as livestock grazing, in order to conserve them. We aimed to determine firstly if the invertebrate community was more diverse and abundant and leaf litter decomposition rates faster in woodlands with livestock excluded. Secondly, we asked how important microhabitat variation is for the invertebrate community and decomposition rates, and finally if grazing exclusion influences these microhabitat variables and alters the vegetation condition. We addressed these aims through the use of leaf litter decomposition bags and pitfall trapping near three microhabitats: beside logs, under trees and in open habitat, considering woodland remnants still grazed by livestock and remnants where livestock grazing had been excluded. A vegetation condition assessment was also performed at each site. Grazed woodlands were subject to either a strategic or set stocked grazing. Sites with grazing removed had a greater abundance of beetles and the Opportunist ant functional group, a faster rate of litter decomposition, greater native plant richness, greater length of logs and a better vegetation condition score. The Dominant Dolichoderinae ant functional group were the only insects trapped more frequently in currently grazed sites. Total invertebrate abundance, beetle abundance and richness, Anonychomyrma abundance and the quantity of leaf litter was greatest under trees. In comparison ants were in higher abundance and richness in the open areas. Leaf litter decomposition rates were fastest near logs. Beetles and Generalised Myrmicinae ants were more active near two of the microhabitats in rotationally grazed sites in comparison to the set stocked. Excluding livestock from woodlands has benefits for components of the invertebrate community, vegetation condition and the important process of litter decomposition. Strategic grazing which includes substantial periods of rest could play a role in balancing the production and conservation needs of privately owned woodlands. Woodland remnants have a range of invertebrates that are dependent on mature trees or logs, such that a variety of microhabitats needs to be retained within remnant native vegetation in agricultural landscapes to maintain a diverse and abundant invertebrate community.10abiodiversity10acommunity10agrazing10amicrohabitat10arangeland1 aLindsay, Elizabeth, A.1 aCunningham, Saul, A.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.00502217nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260000800255300001400263490000800277520154900285653001701834653001301851653001201864653001401876653001701890100002101907700002301928856004801951       2010                        eng d  a0167-636900aReview of indicators and field methods for monitoring biodiversity within national forest inventories. Core variable: Deadwood0 aReview of indicators and field methods for monitoring biodiversi  cMay  a617–6300 v1643 aAbstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Deadwood is one of the four elements taken into account in this review of indicators and field methods and is often considered as a key indicator of forest biodiversity. We have analysed the main types of surveys and have realised how greatly the needs and constraints used to monitor deadwood can vary among them. For instance, classical National Forest Inventories usually tend to avoid time-consuming collecting methods. In the wide variety of existing definitions of deadwood, such inventories require simple and clear definitions, especially in terms of quantified thresholds. Thus, deadwood is properly described by characterising several components, such as snags, logs, stumps, branches and fine woody debris. Deadwood sampling methods alter depending on the different components and dimensions considered (standing dead trees, lying dead trees and branches, etc. assessed quantitatively). Attributes such as tree species and stage of decay are used mainly to qualify the deadwood components. The deadwood volume estimations are usually based on classical approaches already applied to living or felled trees: volume equations and/or formulas giving the volumes of common geometric solids. The purpose of this paper is to focus on different deadwood assessment techniques and to provide the information necessary to identify the most relevant methods for collecting deadwood data. The latter is used to build indicators that characterise the evolution of forest biodiversity at the scale of large forest territories.10abiodiversity10adeadwood10aforests10ainventory10amicrohabitat1 aRondeux, Jacques1 aSanchez, Christine  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0917-603116nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001300041245015000054210006900204260001000273300001400283490000700297520237700304653001202681653001802693653001102711653001702722100002202739700002502761700002402786700002302810856005302833       2004                        eng d  a0377839800aEnvironmental and biological effects on the stable isotope composition of recent deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the western Mediterranean Sea0 aEnvironmental and biological effects on the stable isotope compo  cApril  a129–1520 v513 aThe influence of microhabitat, organic matter flux, and metabolism on the stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition of live (Rose Bengal stained) and dead (empty tests) deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Gulf of Lions (western Mediterranean Sea) have been studied. The total range of observed foraminiferal isotope values exceeds 1.0‰ for δ 18 O and 2.2‰ for δ 13 C demonstrating a wide range of coexisting disequilibria relative to δ 18 O of equilibrium calcite ( δ 18 O EQ ) and δ 13 C of bottom water dissolved inorganic carbon ( δ 13 C DIC ). The mean δ 18 O values reveal strongest disequilibria for the studied epifaunal to shallow infaunal species ( Cibicidoides pachydermus , Uvigerina mediterranea , Uvigerina peregrina ) while values approach equilibrium in deep infaunal species ( Globobulimina affinis , Globobulimina pseudospinescens ). The mean δ 13 C values decrease with increasing average living depths of the different species, thus reflecting a dominant microhabitat (pore water) signal. At the axis of the Lacaze-Duthier Canyon a minimum δ 13 C DIC pore water gradient of approximately −2.1‰ is assessed for the upper 6 cm of the surface sediment. Although live individuals of U. mediterranea were found in different depth intervals their mean δ 13 C values are consistent with calcification at an average living depth around 1 cm. The deep infaunal occurrence of U. mediterranea specimens suggests association with macrofaunal burrows creating a microenvironment with geochemical characteristics similar to the topmost centimeter. This also explains the excellent agreement between stable isotope signals of live and dead individuals. The ontogenetic enrichment in both δ 18 O and δ 13 C values of U. mediterranea suggests a slow-down of metabolic rates during test growth similar to that previously observed in planktic foraminifera. Enhanced organic carbon fluxes and higher proportion of resuspended terrestrial organic material at the canyon axis are reflected by δ 13 C values of U. mediterranea on average 0.58‰ lower than those from the open slope. These results demonstrate the general applicability of the δ 13 C signal of this species for the reconstruction of past organic matter fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea. Further studies on live specimens are needed for a more quantitative paleoceanographic approach.10ahabitat10ainvertebrates10amarine10amicrohabitat1 aSchmiedl, Gerhard1 aPfeilsticker, Martin1 aHemleben, Christoph1 aMackensen, Andreas  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2003.10.00100659nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210006900233260000800302300001400310490000700324653001200331653001200343653001800355653001700373100002000390700001800410856003700428       2004                        eng d  a0278-037200aMICROHABITAT USE BY THE SOLDIER CRAB MICTYRIS BREVIDACTYLUS (BRACHYURA: MICTYRIDAE): INTERCHANGEABILITY OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE FEEDING THROUGH BURROW STRUCTURE ALTERATION0 aMICROHABITAT USE BY THE SOLDIER CRAB MICTYRIS BREVIDACTYLUS BRAC  cMay  a327–3390 v2410aecology10ahabitat10ainvertebrates10amicrohabitat1 aTakeda, Satoshi1 aMurai, Minoru  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1651/C-2436