@article {Vedenina2007Unusual,
	title = {The unusual inheritance pattern of the courtship songs in closely related grasshopper species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus-group (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae).},
	journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	pages = {260{\textendash}277},
	abstract = {Sibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus-group are exceptional among all European grasshopper species because they have an extremely elaborate courtship behaviour. Here, we present a genetic analysis of the courtship song differences between two closely related grasshopper species Ch. albomarginatus and Ch. oschei. Measurements of seven courtship song characters and one parameter of courtship visual display were compared among parentals, F(1) and F(2) hybrids, and backcrosses. Variation in one morphological character, the number of stridulatory pegs, was studied as well. The distributions of song phenotypes were more consistent with a type-III genetic architecture, which involves complementary or duplicate pairs of loci. We suggest that this type of architecture may provide the novel elements of the hybrid songs, even more complex than the parental ones, which may offer a new starting point for sexual selection. One parameter of the visual display appeared to be controlled by a single locus, but differences in other characters of visual display could be explained by a more complex inheritance pattern. Inheritance of the peg number differences was consistent with a simple polygenic additive model. Sex linkage and/or maternal effects were not detected for any trait. We found a disproportionate influence of the Ch. albomarginatus parent on most hybrid song characteristics and the visual display, and this may support a previously suggested idea that Ch. albomarginatus is an ancestral form and Ch. oschei is a derived species.},
	keywords = {acrididae, bioacoustics, grasshoppers, orthoptera, song},
	issn = {1010-061X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01204.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01204.x},
	author = {Vedenina, V. Yu and Panyutin, A. K. and Von Helversen, O.}
}
@article {Chesmore2004Automated,
	title = {Automated identification of field-recorded songs of four British grasshoppers using bioacoustic signal recognition},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {94},
	number = {04},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {319{\textendash}330},
	abstract = {Recognition of Orthoptera species by means of their song is widely used in field work but requires expertise. It is now possible to develop computer-based systems to achieve the same task with a number of advantages including continuous long term unattended operation and automatic species logging. The system described here achieves automated discrimination between different species by utilizing a novel time domain signal coding technique and an artificial neural network. The system has previously been shown to recognize 25 species of British Orthoptera with 99\% accuracy for good quality sounds. This paper tests the system on field recordings of four species of grasshopper in northern England in 2002 and shows that it is capable of not only correctly recognizing the target species under a range of acoustic conditions but also of recognizing other sounds such as birds and man-made sounds. Recognition accuracies for the four species of typically 70\&\#8211;100\% are obtained for field recordings with varying sound intensities and background signals.},
	keywords = {acoustics, asr, bioacoustics, grasshoppers, identification, orthoptera, stridulation},
	doi = {10.1079/BER2004306},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BER2004306},
	author = {Chesmore, E. D. and Ohya, E.}
}
@article {Riede1990Tympana,
	title = {Tympana, auditory thresholds, and projection areas of tympanal nerves in singing and silent grasshoppers (Insecta, Acridoidea)},
	journal = {Zoomorphology},
	volume = {109},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	month = {March},
	pages = {223{\textendash}230},
	keywords = {acrididae, grasshoppers, hearing, neuroanatomy, orthoptera, tympana},
	issn = {0720-213X},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00312473},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312473},
	author = {Riede, K. and K�mper, G. and H�fler, I.}
}
@article {Ni2003Spatial,
	title = {Spatial clustering of rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Qinghai Lake region of northwestern China},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
	volume = {95},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	month = {April},
	pages = {61{\textendash}68},
	abstract = {Geostatistical analyses were used to examine the pattern of spatial distribution of rangeland grasshoppers in the basin of Qinghai Lake in northwestern China. Two sampling expeditions were undertaken to collect relevant data. In the first case, data were collected across an area of 1295~km 2 to the west of the lake in August 1999. Moran{\textquoteright}s I was used to analyze spatial clustering of grasshoppers across this study region. Local G -statistics were used to analyze the pattern of grasshopper population density using two units of distance (100~m and 1~km). The analyses revealed spatial clustering at both 300{\textendash}1300~m and 13{\textendash}16~km. In the second expedition, in July 2000, grasshoppers were sampled at a fine scale (100, 30 m{\texttimes}30~m plots) in a smaller area (Tiebujia) embedded within the previous region. The correlograms of Moran{\textquoteright}s I showed a strong, positive spatial correlation among the densities of both: all grasshoppers and the dominant species ( Myrmeleotettix palpalis Zub.), with clustering at a separation distance of 120~m. Analysis of the local G -statistic value in the regularly sampled area indicated that clustering occurred mainly between 120 and 150~m. These analyses showed that the rangeland grasshoppers in the study area had an obvious spatial clustering which varied with the spatial scale. At a large scale, clustering occurs at 13{\textendash}16~km and at a local-scale at 120{\textendash}150 and 300{\textendash}1300~m.},
	keywords = {china, clustering, grasshoppers, grassland, habitat, orthooptera},
	issn = {01678809},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00165-2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00165-2},
	author = {Ni, S.}
}
@article {Riede1987Comparative,
	title = {A Comparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Some Neotropical Grasshoppers (Acridoidea)},
	journal = {Ethology},
	volume = {76},
	number = {4},
	year = {1987},
	month = {April},
	pages = {265{\textendash}296},
	keywords = {acrididae, behaviour, ethology, grasshoppers},
	issn = {01791613},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00689.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00689.x},
	author = {Riede, Klaus}
}
@article {Neuhofer2008Evolutionarily,
	title = {Evolutionarily conserved coding properties of auditory neurons across grasshopper species},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {275},
	number = {1646},
	year = {2008},
	month = {September},
	pages = {1965{\textendash}1974},
	abstract = {10.1098/rspb.2008.0527 We investigated encoding properties of identified auditory interneurons in two not closely related grasshopper species (Acrididae). The neurons can be homologized on the basis of their similar morphologies and physiologies. As test stimuli, we used the species-specific stridulation signals of , which evidently are not relevant for the other species, . We recorded spike trains produced in response to these signals from several neuron types at the first levels of the auditory pathway in both species. Using a spike train metric to quantify differences between neuronal responses, we found a high similarity in the responses of homologous neurons: interspecific differences between the responses of homologous neurons in the two species were not significantly larger than intraspecific differences (between several specimens of a neuron in one species). These results suggest that the elements of the thoracic auditory pathway have been strongly conserved during the evolutionary divergence of these species. According to the {\textquoteright}efficient coding{\textquoteright} hypothesis, an adaptation of the thoracic auditory pathway to the specific needs of acoustic communication could be expected. We conclude that there must have been stabilizing selective forces at work that conserved coding characteristics and prevented such an adaptation.},
	keywords = {acrididae, bioacoustics, communication, grasshoppers, interneurons, neurons, orthoptera},
	issn = {0962-8452},
	doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.0527},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0527},
	author = {Neuhofer, Daniela and Wohlgemuth, Sandra and Stumpner, Andreas and Ronacher, Bernhard}
}
