@article {Shaw2009Genomic,
	title = {Genomic linkage of male song and female acoustic preference QTL underlying a rapid species radiation},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {106},
	number = {24},
	year = {2009},
	month = {June},
	pages = {9737{\textendash}9742},
	abstract = {10.1073/pnas.0900229106 The genetic coupling hypothesis of signal-preference evolution, whereby the same genes control male signal and female preference for that signal, was first inspired by the evolution of cricket acoustic communication nearly 50 years ago. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the genomic location of quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying male song and female acoustic preference variation in the Hawaiian cricket genus . We document a QTL underlying female acoustic preference variation between 2 closely related species ( and ). This preference QTL colocalizes with a song QTL identified previously, providing compelling evidence for a genomic linkage of the genes underlying these traits. We show that both song and preference QTL make small to moderate contributions to the behavioral difference between species, suggesting that divergence in mating behavior among species is due to the fixation of many genes of minor effect. The diversity of acoustic signaling systems in crickets exemplifies the evolution of elaborate male displays by sexual selection through female choice. Our data reveal genetic conditions that would enable functional coordination between song and acoustic preference divergence during speciation, resulting in a behaviorally coupled mode of signal-preference evolution. Interestingly, exhibits one of the fastest rates of speciation in animals, concomitant with equally rapid evolution in sexual signaling behaviors. Genomic linkage may facilitate rapid speciation by contributing to genetic correlations between sexual signaling behaviors that eventually cause sexual isolation between diverging populations.},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, crickets, evolution, orthopera, radiation, song},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0900229106},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900229106},
	author = {Shaw, Kerry L. and Lesnick, Sky C.}
}
@article {Kaneshiro1980Sexual,
	title = {Sexual Isolation, Speciation and the Direction of Evolution},
	journal = {Evolution},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {437{\textendash}444},
	abstract = {Various concepts of evolutionary biology are reviewed to emphasize the significance of premating isolation barriers in processes of speciation. Concepts such as sexual selection, genetic drift, and the Founder Principle appear to lend support to Muller{\textquoteright}s views that premating isolating mechanisms arise as by-products of natural selection in allopatry. Examples are presented in support of this view and in contrast to that held by Fisher and Dobzhansky, who envisioned such mechanisms as arising upon recontact of populations in which some postmating isolating mechanism had arisen. Additionally, a hypothesis proposed by Kaneshiro (1976) which enables interpretation of the one-sided mating preference (asymmetrical isolation) observed between populations of Drosophila is discussed. Such a hypothesis, if valid, permits inferences of direction of evolution among closely related species.},
	keywords = {drosophila, evolution, insects, mating, reproductive-isolation},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2408213},
	author = {Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.}
}
@article {Jang2007Reproductive,
	title = {Reproductive Isolation in the Wood Cricket Gryllus vernalis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)},
	journal = {Ethology},
	volume = {113},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	pages = {87{\textendash}96},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, character-displacement, crickets, evolution, orthoptera, rcd, song},
	issn = {0179-1613},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01304.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01304.x},
	author = {Jang, Yikweon and Bockhorst, Amanda and Carl Gerhardt, Howard}
}
@article {Jang2006Divergence,
	title = {Divergence in the calling songs between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {March},
	pages = {459{\textendash}472},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, character-displacement, competition, evolution, gryllidae, orthoptera, rcd, song},
	issn = {1010-061X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01014.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01014.x},
	author = {Jang, Y. and Gerhardt, H. C.}
}
@article {Pfennig2009Character,
	title = {Character Displacement: Ecological and Reproductive Responses to a Common Evolutionary Problem},
	journal = {The Quarterly Review of Biology},
	volume = {84},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {September},
	pages = {253{\textendash}276},
	abstract = {doi: 10.1086/605079 ABSTRACT Character displacement is the process by which traits evolve in response to selection to lessen resource competition or reproductive interactions between species. Although character displacement has long been viewed as an important mechanism for enabling closely related species to coexist, the causes and consequences of character displacement have not been fully explored. Moreover, character displacement in traits associated with resource use (ecological character displacement) has been largely studied independently of that in traits associated with reproduction (reproductive character displacement). In this review, we underscore the commonalities of these two forms of character displacement and discuss how they interact. We focus on the causes of character displacement and explore how character displacement can have downstream effects ranging from speciation to extinction. In short, understanding how organisms respond to competitive and reproductive interactions with heterospecifics offers key insights into the evolutionary causes and consequences of species coexistence and diversification.},
	keywords = {character-displacement, evolution, rcd},
	doi = {10.1086/605079},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/605079},
	author = {Pfennig, Karin s and Pfennig, David w}
}
@article {Kirschel2009Character,
	title = {Character displacement of song and morphology in African tinkerbirds},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {106},
	number = {20},
	year = {2009},
	month = {May},
	pages = {8256{\textendash}8261},
	abstract = {10.1073/pnas.0810124106 Divergence in acoustic signals between populations of animals can lead to species recognition failure, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Character displacement may facilitate coexistence of species in natural communities, yet evidence for character displacement in acoustic signals is scant. Here, we find evidence of character displacement in song as well as body size and bill size of 2 related African tinkerbirds. Playback experiments indicate that related species{\textquoteright} songs are perceived differently in sympatry than in allopatry. We suggest character displacement occurs in phenotypic traits facilitating species recognition, which has important implications for understanding the processes that lead to speciation and diversification. Because many of the sites where the 2 species coexist are areas where pristine rainforest has been degraded, results also suggest that anthropogenic pressures resulting from deforestation may be a contributing cause of character displacement in these species.},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, birds, character-displacement, evolution, songs},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0810124106},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810124106},
	author = {Kirschel, Alexander N. G. and Blumstein, Daniel T. and Smith, Thomas B.}
}
@article {Rice2007Character,
	title = {Character displacement: in situ evolution of novel phenotypes or sorting of pre-existing variation?},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {March},
	pages = {448{\textendash}459},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
	keywords = {character-displacement, evolution},
	issn = {1010-061X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01187.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01187.x},
	author = {Rice, A. M. and Pfennig, D. W.}
}
@article {Levin1998Ecosystems,
	title = {Ecosystems and the Biosphere as Complex Adaptive Systems},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {1},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	month = {September},
	pages = {431{\textendash}436},
	abstract = {ABSTRACT\&nbsp;\&nbsp; Ecosystems are prototypical examples of complex adaptive systems, in which patterns at higher levels emerge from localized interactions and selection processes acting at lower levels. An essential aspect of such systems is nonlinearity, leading to historical dependency and multiple possible outcomes of dynamics. Given this, it is essential to determine the degree to which system features are determined by environmental conditions, and the degree to which they are the result of self-organization. Furthermore, given the multiple levels at which dynamics become apparent and at which selection can act, central issues relate to how evolution shapes ecosystems properties, and whether ecosystems become buffered to changes (more resilient) over their ecological and evolutionary development or proceed to critical states and the edge of chaos.},
	keywords = {ecology, evolution, systems, theory},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s100219900037},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900037},
	author = {Levin, Simon A.}
}
@article {Ritchie2000Inheritance,
	title = {The inheritance of female preference functions in a mate recognition system},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {267},
	number = {1441},
	year = {2000},
	month = {February},
	pages = {327{\textendash}332},
	abstract = {10.1098/rspb.2000.1004 Mate recognition systems (MRSs) play a major role in sexual selection and speciation, yet few studies have analysed both male and female components in detail. Here, female preference functions have been characterized for the tettigoniid bushcricket , and the inheritance of male song and female preference functions followed in crosses between subspecies. Songs are disproportionately determined by sex{\textendash}linked genes. However, there is no evidence for a role of maternally derived sex{\textendash}linked genes in female preference or of maternal effects. At the genetic level, there is a mismatch between peak preferences and male song, consistent with an evolutionary history of persistent directional preferences. Such a pattern of inheritance could contribute to the process of speciation via the evolution of new MRSs.},
	keywords = {ephippiger, evolution, genetics, mrs, orthoptera, preference, recognition, speciation},
	doi = {10.1098/rspb.2000.1004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1004},
	author = {Ritchie, Michael G.}
}
@article {Drotz2010Multiple,
	title = {Multiple Origins of Elytral Reticulation Modifications in the West Palearctic Agabus bipustulatus Complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	month = {February},
	pages = {e9034+},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	abstract = {The Agabus bipustulatus complex includes one of Europe{\textquoteright}s most widely distributed and common diving beetles. This complex, which is known for its large morphological variation, has a complex demographic and altitudinal variation in elytral reticulation. The various depth of the reticulation imprint, both in smaller and larger meshes, results in both mat and shiny individuals, as well as intermediate forms. The West Palearctic lowland is inhabited by a sexually dimorphic form, with shiny males and mat females. In mountain regions, shiny individuals of both sexes are found intermixed with mat individuals or in pure populations in central and southern areas, whereas pure populations of mat individuals are exclusively found in the northern region at high altitude. Sexual selection is proposed as a driving force in shaping this variation. However, the occurrence of different types of reticulation in both sexes and disjunct geographical distribution patterns suggest an additional function of the reticulation. Here we investigate the phylogeographical history, genetic structure and reticulation variation of several named forms within the Agabus bipustulatus complex including A. nevadensis . The molecular analyses recognised several well-supported clades within the complex. Several of the named forms had two or more independent origins. Few south European populations were uniform in reticulation patterns, and the males were found to display large variation. Reticulation diversity and population genetic variability were clearly correlated to altitude, but no genetic differences were detected among populations with mixed or homogenous forms. Observed reduction in secondary reticulation in female and increased variance in male at high altitude in South Europe may be explained by the occurrence of an additional selective force, beside sexual selection. The combined effect of these selective processes is here demonstrated in an extreme case to generate isolation barriers between populations at high altitudes. Here we discuss this selective force in relation to thermal selection.},
	keywords = {evolution, insects, venation, wings},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0009034},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009034},
	author = {Drotz, Marcus K. and Brodin, Tomas and Nilsson, Anders N.}
}
@article {Alonzo2009Science,
	title = {Science, Politics and Evolution. By Elisabeth A. Lloyd.},
	journal = {The Quarterly Review of Biology},
	volume = {84},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {March},
	pages = {81},
	abstract = {doi: 10.1086/598252},
	keywords = {book, evolution, review},
	doi = {10.1086/598252},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/598252},
	author = {Alonzo, Suzanne H.}
}
@article {Morton1975Ecological,
	title = {Ecological Sources of Selection on Avian Sounds},
	journal = {The American Naturalist},
	volume = {109},
	number = {965},
	year = {1975},
	month = {January},
	pages = {17{\textendash}null},
	publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
	abstract = {doi: 10.1086/282971},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, birds, ecology, evolution},
	doi = {10.1086/282971},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/282971},
	author = {Morton, Eugene S.}
}
