@article {Sachs2009Biodiversity,
	title = {Biodiversity Conservation and the Millennium Development Goals},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {325},
	number = {5947},
	year = {2009},
	month = {September},
	pages = {1502{\textendash}1503},
	abstract = {10.1126/science.1175035},
	keywords = {biodiversity, course, inventory, monitoring, science-policy},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1175035},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1175035},
	author = {Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Sutherland, William J. and Armsworth, Paul R. and Ash, Neville and Beddington, John and Blackburn, Tim M. and Collen, Ben and Gardiner, Barry and Gaston, Kevin J. and Godfray and Green, Rhys E. and Harvey, Paul H. and House, Brett and Knapp, Sandra and Kumpel, Noelle F. and Macdonald, David W. and Mace, Georgina M. and Mallet, James and Matthews, Adam and May, Robert M. and Petchey, Owen and Purvis, Andy and Roe, Dilys and Safi, Kamran and Turner, Kerry and Walpole, Matt and Watson, Robert and Jones, Kate E.}
}
@article {Mooney2009Biodiversity,
	title = {Biodiversity Policy Challenges},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {325},
	number = {5947},
	year = {2009},
	month = {September},
	pages = {1474+},
	abstract = {10.1126/science.1180935},
	keywords = {2010, biodiversity, course, monitoring},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1180935},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1180935},
	author = {Mooney, Harold and Mace, Georgina}
}
@article {Swiston2009Comparison,
	title = {Comparison of manual and automated methods for identifying target sounds in audio recordings of Pileated, Pale-billed, and putative Ivory-billed woodpeckers},
	journal = {Journal of Field Ornithology},
	volume = {80},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {March},
	pages = {42{\textendash}50},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
	keywords = {asr, bioacoustics, biodiversity, birds, monitoring},
	issn = {02738570},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00204.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00204.x},
	author = {Swiston, Kyle A. and Mennill, Daniel J.}
}
@article {Forrest1988Using,
	title = {Using Insect Sounds to Estimate and Monitor Their Populations},
	journal = {The Florida Entomologist},
	volume = {71},
	number = {4},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {416{\textendash}426},
	publisher = {Florida Entomological Society},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, biodiversity, insects, monitoring},
	issn = {00154040},
	doi = {10.2307/3495001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495001},
	author = {Forrest, T. G.}
}
@article {Barlow2007Quantifying,
	title = {Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {104},
	number = {47},
	year = {2007},
	month = {November},
	pages = {18555{\textendash}18560},
	abstract = {10.1073/pnas.0703333104 Biodiversity loss from deforestation may be partly offset by the expansion of secondary forests and plantation forestry in the tropics. However, our current knowledge of the value of these habitats for biodiversity conservation is limited to very few taxa, and many studies are severely confounded by methodological shortcomings. We examined the conservation value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests for 15 taxonomic groups using a robust and replicated sample design that minimized edge effects. Different taxa varied markedly in their response to patterns of land use in terms of species richness and the percentage of species restricted to primary forest (varying from 5\% to 57\%), yet almost all between-forest comparisons showed marked differences in community structure and composition. Cross-taxon congruence in response patterns was very weak when evaluated using abundance or species richness data, but much stronger when using metrics based upon community similarity. Our results show that, whereas the biodiversity indicator group concept may hold some validity for several taxa that are frequently sampled (such as birds and fruit-feeding butterflies), it fails for those exhibiting highly idiosyncratic responses to tropical land-use change (including highly vagile species groups such as bats and orchid bees), highlighting the problems associated with quantifying the biodiversity value of anthropogenic habitats. Finally, although we show that areas of native regeneration and exotic tree plantations can provide complementary conservation services, we also provide clear empirical evidence demonstrating the irreplaceable value of primary forests.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, course, monitoring, rainforest, tropi, tropical-ecology, tropics},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0703333104},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703333104},
	author = {Barlow, J. and Gardner, T. A. and Araujo, I. S. and {\'A}vila-Pires, T. C. and Bonaldo, A. B. and Costa, J. E. and Esposito, M. C. and Ferreira, L. V. and Hawes, J. and Hernandez, M. I. M. and Hoogmoed, M. S. and Leite, R. N. and Lo-Man-Hung, N. F. and Malcolm, J. R. and Martins, M. B. and Mestre, L. A. M. and Miranda-Santos, R. and Nunes-Gutjahr, A. L. and Overal, W. L. and Parry, L. and Peters, S. L. and Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. and da Silva, M. N. F. and da Silva Motta, C. and Peres, C. A.}
}
@article {CampbellEfficiency,
	title = {Efficiency of Malaise traps and colored pan traps for collecting flower visiting insects from three forested ecosystems},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	volume = {11},
	number = {4},
	year = {Submitted},
	pages = {399{\textendash}408},
	keywords = {attraction, biodiversity, insects, light, methods, monitoring, pan, sampling},
	issn = {1366-638X},
	doi = {10.1007/s10841-006-9055-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-006-9055-4},
	author = {Campbell, Joshua W. and Hanula, J. L.}
}
@article {Spitzer2009Longterm,
	title = {Long-term monitoring of moth populations (Lepidoptera) associated with a natural wetland forest: synthesis after 25 years},
	journal = {Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {155{\textendash}163},
	publisher = {BRILL},
	abstract = {Temporal variability of moth abundance was monitored for 28 years (1981-2008) by nightly light trap samples during the growing season in native habitat in the \&\#268;erni\&\#353; alder carr (open forested wetland) in South Bohemia, Czech Republic. The results of this long-term inventory are summarized and discussed. The wetland moth community was analysed for species richness and population dynamics (temporal variability of abundance were measured by a coefficient of variation - CV) and evaluated against select ecological parameters. Moth population variability (year to year fluctuation), which is highly species-specific, is a result of complex interactions between bionomic strategies (correlates of \&\#8220;r-K continuum\&\#8221;) and habitat characteristics. High bioindicator and conservation values are characteristic of moths with low values of coefficient of variation associated with vegetation units close to edaphic \&\#8220;climax\&\#8221; in the alder carr wetland. The local and regional dynamics of all moth populations associated with the natural wetland (alder carr) were investigated, and the data obtained are critical for predicting patterns of biodiversity.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, light-traps, longterm, monitoring},
	issn = {1874-9828},
	doi = {10.1163/187498308X414751},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498308X414751},
	author = {Spitzer, Karel and Jaros, Josef}
}
@article {Canary2008Principles,
	title = {Principles and Influence in Codes of Ethics: A Centering Resonance Analysis Comparing Pre- and Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Codes of Ethics},
	journal = {Journal of Business Ethics},
	volume = {80},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {263{\textendash}278},
	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;Halting the loss of biodiversity comes along with the need to quantify biodiversity composition and dynamics at large spatial and temporal scales. Highly standardized, international monitoring networks would be ideal, but they do not exist yet. If we are to assess changes in biodiversity now, combining output available from ongoing monitoring initiatives is the only option. However, integration of biodiversity information across schemes is still very poorly developed. In this paper, we outline practical issues to be considered when planning to combine existing monitoring information. First, we provide an overview of avenues for integration along the four dimensions that characterize a monitoring design: sample size, biological coverage, spatial coverage and temporal coverage. We also emphasize that complementarity in monitoring targets across schemes enables to describe complex processes of biodiversity dynamics, e.g. through relating species traits to the impacts of environmental changes. Second, we review some methods to overcome differences in designs among monitoring schemes, such as site selection, post-stratification and measurement error. Finally, we point out some commonly used statistical methods that are at hand for combining data or parameter estimates. We especially emphasize the possible levels of data integration (raw data, parameter estimates, or effect size estimates), and the largely under-exploited potential of meta-analysis methods and weighted analyses. This contribution aims to bolster the practice and use of integration of ongoing monitoring initiatives for biodiversity assessment.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, data-integration, monitoring, review},
	issn = {0167-4544},
	doi = {10.1007/s10531-008-9417-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9417-1},
	author = {Canary, Heather E. and Jennings, Marianne M.}
}
@article {Schmeller08:volunteers,
	title = {Advantages of Volunteer-Based Biodiversity Monitoring in Europe},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {307{\textendash}316},
	address = {Station d{\textquoteright}Ecologie Exprimentale du CNRS Moulis, 09200 Saint Girons, France; UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; UMR 5173 \& UMR 7179 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, Musum National},
	abstract = {Without robust and unbiased systems for monitoring, changes in natural systems will remain enigmatic for policy makers, leaving them without a clear idea of the consequences of any environmental policies they might adopt. Generally, biodiversity-monitoring activities are not integrated or evaluated across any large geographic region. The EuMon project conducted the first large-scale evaluation of monitoring practices in Europe through an on-line questionnaire and is reporting on the results of this survey. In September 2007 the EuMon project had documented 395 monitoring schemes for species, which represents a total annual cost of about 20AC4 million, involving more than 46,000 persons devoting over 148,000 person-days/year to biodiversity-monitoring activities. Here we focused on the analysis of variations of monitoring practices across a set of taxonomic groups (birds, amphibians and reptiles, mammals, butterflies, plants, and other insects) and across 5 European countries (France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland). Our results suggest that the overall sampling effort of a scheme is linked with the proportion of volunteers involved in that scheme. Because precision is a function of the number of monitored sites and the number of sites is maximized by volunteer involvement, our results do not support the common belief that volunteer-based schemes are too noisy to be informative. Just the opposite, we believe volunteer-based schemes provide relatively reliable data, with state-of-the-art survey designs or data-analysis methods, and consequently can yield unbiased results. Quality of data collected by volunteers is more likely determined by survey design, analytical methodology, and communication skills within the schemes rather than by volunteer involvement per se. Sin sistemas de monitoreo robustos y objetivos, los cambios en los sistemas naturales seguir{\'a}n siendo un enigma para los pol\'{\i}ticos, ya que no tendr{\'a}n una idea clara de las consecuencias de las pol\'{\i}ticas ambientales que puedan adoptar. Generalmente, las actividades de monitoreo de la biodiversidad no est{\'a}n integradas o evaluadas en ninguna regi{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica extensa. El proyecto EuMon llev{\'o} a cabo la primera evaluaci{\'o}n a gran escala de las pr{\'a}cticas de monitoreo en Europa por medio de un cuestionario en l\'{\i}nea y presenta los resultados de este muestreo. En septiembre 2007, el proyecto EuMon hab\'{\i}a documentado 395 esquemas de monitoreo de especies, lo que representa un costo anual total de casi 20AC4 millones, y la participaci{\'o}n de m{\'a}s de 46,000 personas que dedican m{\'a}s de 148,000 personas d\'{\i}as/a{\~n}o en actividades de monitoreo de la biodiversidad. Aqu\'{\i}, nos centramos en el an{\'a}lisis de variaciones en las pr{\'a}cticas de monitoreo de un conjunto de grupos taxon{\'o}micos (aves, anfibios y reptiles, mam\'{\i}feros, mariposas, plantas y otros insectos) en cinco pa\'{\i}ses europeos (Francia, Alemania, Hungr\'{\i}a, Lituania y Polonia). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el esfuerzo de muestreo total de un esquema est{\'a} vinculado con la proporci{\'o}n de voluntarios que participan en el ese esquema. Debido a que la precisi{\'o}n es una funci{\'o}n del n{\'u}mero de sitios monitoreados y el n{\'u}mero de sitios es maximizado por la participaci{\'o}n de voluntarios, nuestros resultados no soportan la creencia popular de que los esquemas basados en voluntarios tienen demasiado ruido para ser informativos. Al contrario, consideramos que los esquemas basados en voluntarios proporcionan datos confiables, con dise{\~n}os de muestreo o m{\'e}todos de an{\'a}lisis de datos de vanguardia, y consecuentemente pueden proporcionar resultados objetivos. La calidad de los datos recolectados por voluntarios probablemente est{\'a} determinada por el dise{\~n}o del muestreo, la metodolog\'{\i}a anal\'{\i}tica y las habilidades de comunicaci{\'o}n de los esquemas y no por la participaci{\'o}n de voluntarios per se.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, citizen-based, monitoring, volunteers, web20},
	issn = {1523-1739},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01125.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01125.x},
	author = {Schmeller, Dirk S. and Pierre-Yves Henr, Y. and Romain Julliar, D. and Bernd Grube, R. and Jean Clober, T. and Frank Dzioc, K. and Szabolcs Lengye, L. and Piotr Nowick, I. and Eszter D{\'e}r, I. and Eduardas Budry, S. and Tiiu Kul, L. and Kadri Tal, I. and Bianca Bauc, H. and Josef Settel, E. and Chris van Swaa, Y. and Andrej Koble, R. and Valerija Babi, J. and Eva Papastergiado, U. and Klaus Henl, E.}
}
@article {Schmeller2008European,
	title = {European species and habitat monitoring: where are we now?},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {17},
	number = {14},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {3321{\textendash}3326},
	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;Biodiversity now is considered a highly valuable material, providing manifold services of high importance for the well-being of humankind. However, biodiversity globally is rapidly diminishing and, despite efforts to halt the loss of biodiversity, positive effects are hardly visible. Biodiversity monitoring, the close observation of our natural environment, is imperative to determine the state and trend of organism populations and their habitats. Therefore, it has become a centrepiece of nature conservation across the globe. However, monitoring activities are not centrally coordinated, differ vastly in their monitoring targets, sampling designs, and human resource needs. This special issue on biodiversity and monitoring presents an overview of the current state of biodiversity monitoring in Europe, gives suggestions for the integration of monitoring data to improve the geographical and taxonomic coverage, deals with general methodological aspects of monitoring biodiversity across different geographic scales, the involvement of the public in monitoring activities, and provides some monitoring case studies. The special issue is aimed to provide recommendations and suggestions for more standardized monitoring approaches, and is mainly based on the findings of the EU-project EuMon.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, methods, monitoring},
	doi = {10.1007/s10531-008-9514-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9514-1},
	author = {Schmeller, Dirk}
}
@article {Stuart2010Barometer,
	title = {The Barometer of Life},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {328},
	number = {5975},
	year = {2010},
	month = {April},
	pages = {177+},
	abstract = {10.1126/science.1188606},
	keywords = {biodiversity, conservation, iucn, monitoring, redlist},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1188606},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1188606},
	author = {Stuart, S. N. and Wilson, E. O. and McNeely, J. A. and Mittermeier, R. A. and Rodriguez, J. P.}
}
